| Title |
Predictors of high out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure: an analysis using Bangladesh household income and expenditure survey, 2010
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
BMC Health Services Research, January 2017
|
| DOI | 10.1186/s12913-017-2047-0 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Azaher Ali Molla, Chunhuei Chi, Alicia Lorena Núñez Mondaca |
| Abstract |
Predictors of high out-of-pocket household healthcare expenditure are essential for creating effective health system finance policy. In Bangladesh, 63.3% of health expenditure is out-of-pocket and born by households. It is imperative to know what determines household health expenditure. This study aims to investigate the predicting factors of high out-of-pocket household healthcare expenditure targeting to put forward policy recommendations on equity in financial burden. Bangladesh household income and expenditure survey 2010 provides data for this study. Predictors of high out-of-pocket household healthcare expenditure were analyzed using multiple linear regressions. We have modeled non-linear relationship using logarithmic form of linear regression. Heteroscedasticity and multicollinearity were checked using Breusch-Pagan/Cook-Weishberg and VIF tests. Normality of the residuals was checked using Kernel density curve. We applied required adjustment for survey data, so that standard errors and parameters estimation are valid. Presence of chronic disease and household income were found to be the most influential and statistically significant (p < 0.001) predictors of high household healthcare expenditure. Households in rural areas spend 7% less than urban dwellers. The results show that a 100% increase in female members in a family leads to a 2% decrease in household health expenditure. Household income, health shocks in families, and family size are other statistically significant predictors of household healthcare expenditure. Proportion of elderly and under-five members in the family show some positive influence on health expenditure, though statistically nonsignificant. The findings call for emphasizing prevention of chronic diseases, as it is a strong predictor of household health expenditure. Innovative insurance scheme needs to be devised to prevent household from being impoverished due to health shocks in the family. Policy makers are urged to design an alternative source of healthcare financing in Bangladesh to minimize the burden of high OOP healthcare expenditure. |
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Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 1 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 1 | 100% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 170 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 170 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Master | 30 | 18% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 20 | 12% |
| Researcher | 14 | 8% |
| Student > Bachelor | 13 | 8% |
| Student > Postgraduate | 12 | 7% |
| Other | 36 | 21% |
| Unknown | 45 | 26% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 33 | 19% |
| Economics, Econometrics and Finance | 24 | 14% |
| Social Sciences | 19 | 11% |
| Nursing and Health Professions | 17 | 10% |
| Business, Management and Accounting | 6 | 4% |
| Other | 23 | 14% |
| Unknown | 48 | 28% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 1. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 13 February 2017.
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#15,443,875
of 22,953,506 outputs
Outputs from BMC Health Services Research
#5,604
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#256,748
of 420,234 outputs
Outputs of similar age from BMC Health Services Research
#103
of 147 outputs
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