| Title |
Molecular evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of phenolic lipid extracted from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL)
|
|---|---|
| Published in |
BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies, June 2018
|
| DOI | 10.1186/s12906-018-2247-0 |
| Pubmed ID | |
| Authors |
Marilen Queiroz de Souza, Isabella Márcia Soares Nogueira Teotônio, Fernanda Coutinho de Almeida, Gabriella Simões Heyn, Priscilla Souza Alves, Luiz Antônio Soares Romeiro, Riccardo Pratesi, Yanna Karla de Medeiros Nóbrega, Claudia B. Pratesi |
| Abstract |
Anacardium occidentale L phenolic lipid (LDT11) is used in traditional medicine as anti-inflammatory, astringent, antidiarrheal, anti-asthmatic and depurative. Phenolic derivatives, such as anacardic acid, extracted from cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) have demonstrated biological and pharmacological properties, and its profile makes it a candidate for the development of new anti-inflammatory agents. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory profile of a derivative, synthesized from LDT11, on an in vitro cellular model. Organic synthesis of the phenolic derivative of CNSL that results in the hemi-synthetic compound LDT11. The cytotoxicity of the planned compound, LDT11, was analyzed in murine macrophages cell line, RAW264.7. The cells were previously treated with LDT11, and then, the inflammation was stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), in intervals of 6 h and 24 h. The analysis of the gene expression of inflammatory markers (TNFα, iNOS, COX-2, NF-κB, IL-1β and IL-6), nitric oxide (NO) dosage, and cytokine IL-6 were realized. The results showed that the phenolic derivative, LDT11, influenced the modulatory gene expression. The relative gene transcripts quantification demonstrated that the LDT11 disclosed an immunoprotective effect against inflammation by decreasing genes expression when compared with cells stimulated with LPS in the control group. The NO and IL-6 dosages confirmed the results found in gene expression. The present study evaluated the immunoprotective effect of LDT11. In addition to a significant reduction in the expression of inflammatory genes, LDT11 also had a faster and superior anti-inflammatory action than the commercial products, and its response was already evident in the test carried out six hours after the treatment of the cells. This study demonstrated LDT11 is potentially valuable as a rapid immunoprotective anti-inflammatory agent. Treatment with LDT11 decreased the gene expression of inflammatory markers, and the NO, and IL-6 production. When compared to commercial drugs, LDT11 showed a superior anti-inflammatory action. |
X Demographics
The data shown below were collected from the profiles of 3 X users who shared this research output. Click here to find out more about how the information was compiled.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 1 | 33% |
| India | 1 | 33% |
| Brazil | 1 | 33% |
Demographic breakdown
| Type | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Members of the public | 2 | 67% |
| Practitioners (doctors, other healthcare professionals) | 1 | 33% |
Mendeley readers
The data shown below were compiled from readership statistics for 78 Mendeley readers of this research output. Click here to see the associated Mendeley record.
Geographical breakdown
| Country | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Unknown | 78 | 100% |
Demographic breakdown
| Readers by professional status | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Student > Bachelor | 11 | 14% |
| Student > Master | 10 | 13% |
| Student > Ph. D. Student | 7 | 9% |
| Researcher | 6 | 8% |
| Student > Doctoral Student | 5 | 6% |
| Other | 11 | 14% |
| Unknown | 28 | 36% |
| Readers by discipline | Count | As % |
|---|---|---|
| Medicine and Dentistry | 10 | 13% |
| Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutical Science | 7 | 9% |
| Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology | 7 | 9% |
| Chemistry | 7 | 9% |
| Agricultural and Biological Sciences | 7 | 9% |
| Other | 9 | 12% |
| Unknown | 31 | 40% |
Attention Score in Context
This research output has an Altmetric Attention Score of 9. This is our high-level measure of the quality and quantity of online attention that it has received. This Attention Score, as well as the ranking and number of research outputs shown below, was calculated when the research output was last mentioned on 24 January 2024.
All research outputs
#4,273,212
of 25,323,244 outputs
Outputs from BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
#800
of 3,952 outputs
Outputs of similar age
#75,947
of 335,369 outputs
Outputs of similar age from BMC Complementary Medicine and Therapies
#12
of 86 outputs
Altmetric has tracked 25,323,244 research outputs across all sources so far. Compared to these this one has done well and is in the 83rd percentile: it's in the top 25% of all research outputs ever tracked by Altmetric.
So far Altmetric has tracked 3,952 research outputs from this source. They typically receive more attention than average, with a mean Attention Score of 9.5. This one has done well, scoring higher than 79% of its peers.
Older research outputs will score higher simply because they've had more time to accumulate mentions. To account for age we can compare this Altmetric Attention Score to the 335,369 tracked outputs that were published within six weeks on either side of this one in any source. This one has done well, scoring higher than 77% of its contemporaries.
We're also able to compare this research output to 86 others from the same source and published within six weeks on either side of this one. This one has done well, scoring higher than 87% of its contemporaries.